Why Our Youth Vape?-A Trend Analysis Based on Cross-Sectional Annual Surveys of Middle and High School Students in the U.S.

Tianyuan Guan, Zhaochong Yu, Preethi Bhosle, Chen Li, Kai Sun, Marepalli B Rao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tianyuan GuanCollege of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7403-4663

Zhaochong YuDepartment of Biostatistics, Health Informatics & Data Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3294-2786

Preethi BhosleCollege of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-1886-2307

Chen LiDepartment of Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

Kai SunDepartment of Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2877-4193

Marepalli B RaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Health Informatics & Data Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5822-1576

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

StudentsVapingAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansMaleMotivationSchoolsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Statesadolescent behavioral healthe-cigarettesNational Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS)nicotine usepublic healthtobacco trendsyouth vaping

Identifiers

PMID41597509

DOI10.3390/medicina62010223

PMCPMC12844295

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.