Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41596995›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Serving Size Information and Portion Control Cues on Energy-Dense Nutrient-Poor Packaged Snacks in Australian Supermarkets: Current Practices and Opportunities.

Qingzhou Liu, Carla Azzi, Gabrielle De Leeuw, Rebecca Flemming, Hannah Ross-Smith, Jacqueline Ze-Ling Tan, Cheuk Wa Wong, Anna Rangan

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Qingzhou LiuDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Carla AzziDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Gabrielle De LeeuwDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Rebecca FlemmingDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Hannah Ross-SmithDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Jacqueline Ze-Ling TanDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Cheuk Wa WongDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Anna RanganDiscipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1815-844X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Packaged discretionary foods that are energy-dense and nutrient-poor are widely available in the current food environment, potentially contributing to overconsumption and excessive energy intake over time. Factors such as on-pack visual cues (for example, front-of-pack image and food units per serving) and structural features (for example, package transparency) have an important role in nudging consumers towards better portion control. As little is known regarding the presence of these features on packaged discretionary foods in the current retail context, this study aimed to examine the presence of such cues on packaged discretionary foods in Australian supermarkets. Six common packaged snacks were selected: ice-cream, chocolate, lollies, sweet biscuits, savoury biscuits and crisps. Data were collected by in-store visits and using retail websites. A total of 1930 products were included; the majority were share packs (n = 1419, 73.5%), followed by multipacks (n = 385, 19.9%) and single packs (n = 126, 6.5%). Less than half of the share pack products (47%) had front-of-pack images aligned with the manufacturer-suggested serving sizes on the Nutrition Information Panel. Structural features, including transparency, partitioning and resealability, were less common and identified in less than 30% of packaged snacks. Overall, the findings showed that on-pack visual cues and structural features are not commonly used for portion control in packaged discretionary foods in Australian retail settings. Opportunities exist to improve on-pack cues and guides to support better portion size decisions.

Indexed as

food environmentpackaged snacksvisual cues

Identifiers

PMID41596995
PMCPMC12840953

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.