ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Mechanical Insights into the Distinct Effects of Ovariectomy Versus Adrenalectomy on Age-Related Thymic Atrophy in Female Mice.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Age-related thymic atrophy, a hallmark of immunosenescence linked to age-related diseases, involves gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones, but their distinct roles and mechanisms in this process remain unclear. Through biochemical, histological, and RNA-seq analyses, we comprehensively explored the mechanisms underpinning age-related thymic atrophy in response to ovariectomy (OVX) versus adrenalectomy (ADX) in female mice. Compared to the sham controls, OVX overtly ameliorated age-related thymic atrophy, as evidenced by increased thymus mass, a larger gross thymus area, and denser cortex cellularity. In contrast, ADX evidently accelerated age-related thymic atrophy, characterized by increased adipose infiltration and decreased cortex/medulla ratio, obscure cortico-medullary junctions, and sparser thymic cortical cells. Unexpectedly, combined OVX and ADX displayed a more pronounced effect than OVX alone in ameliorating age-related thymic atrophy. Mechanistically, OVX decreased while ADX increased the circulating 17β-estradiol levels in female mice, which drove these opposing outcomes potentially by promoting
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