Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41596626›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Disulfiram/Copper Combined with Irradiation Induces Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma.

Enwen Wang, Yida Zhang, Lin Jia, Zunwen Lin, Ting Sun, Pan Hu, Kun Wang, Zikun Shang, Wei Guo, Juliann G Kiang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Enwen WangDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1278-0350
Yida ZhangDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Lin JiaDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Zunwen LinDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Ting SunDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Pan HuDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Kun WangDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3414-2552
Zikun ShangDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Wei GuoDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4169-7505
Juliann G KiangRadiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3904-2350
Xinhui WangDivision of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Funding

T cell plasticity, fusion proteins and CAR T cell-based immunotherapy of head and neck cancerR01DE028172 · NIDCR · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WANG, XINHUI · 2018 to 2022
$1.9M
Prevention of post-therapy breast cancer metastasisR01CA226981 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WANG, XINHUI · 2019 to 2023
$1.8M
Chongqing Municipal Science Technology Commission, China cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0640Department of Defense Idea Award W81XWH-20-PCRP-IDA W81XWH2110433Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0829NIH HHS R01CA226981NIH HHS R01DE028172Senior Medical Talents Program of Chongqing for Yong and Middle-aged, China. N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a programmed pathway leading to cell death and promotion of immunological responses. Melanoma is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). Disulfiram (DSF), which forms complexes with copper (Cu), has been shown to induce ICD of many tumor types. Here, we aim to investigate whether DSF/Cu combined with irradiation (IR) can induce ICD and exert anti-cancer effects in melanoma. In vitro experiments, treatment of MV3 and B16F10 melanoma cells with DSF/Cu + IR significantly increased the cellular apoptosis and increased ICD markers: damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) exposure and release, including calreticulin cell surface expression, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release, and decreased intracellular ATP levels. In addition, DSF/Cu combined with IR treatment inhibited tumor growth and enhanced tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the B16F10-bearing C57BL/6 model. Our findings reveal that combining IR with DSF/Cu induces ICD and inhibits tumor growth in melanoma, providing a promising strategy to overcome the inherent resistance of RT in melanoma.

Indexed as

CopperDisulfiramImmunogenic Cell DeathMelanomaMelanoma, ExperimentalAnimalsApoptosisCalreticulinCell Line, TumorHMGB1 ProteinHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLCalreticulinCopperDisulfiramHMGB1 Proteindisulfiram/copperimmunogenic cell deathirradiationmelanoma

Identifiers

PMID41596626
PMCPMC12842420

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.