Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41596533›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Glial Cells as Key Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Katarzyna Bogus, Nicoletta Marchesi, Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli, Alessia Pascale, Artur Pałasz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Katarzyna BogusDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7476-6445
Nicoletta MarchesiDepartment of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6271-1420
Lucrezia Irene Maria CampagnoliDepartment of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6680-216X
Alessia PascaleDepartment of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7182-4272
Artur PałaszDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2632-1211

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and dysfunction, yet increasing evidence indicates that glial cells are central mediators of both disease initiation and progression. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells modulate neuronal survival by regulating neuroinflammation, metabolic support, synaptic maintenance, and proteostasis. However, dysregulated glial responses, including chronic microglial activation, impaired phagocytosis, altered cytokine production, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contribute to persistent inflammation and structural degeneration observed across Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial omics have revealed extensive glial heterogeneity and dynamic shifts between neuroprotective and neurotoxic phenotypes, emphasizing the context-dependent nature of glial activity. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the multifaceted involvement of glial cells in neurodegenerative disorders.

Indexed as

Neurodegenerative DiseasesNeurogliaAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAnimalsHumansMicrogliaAlzheimer’s diseaseamyotrophic lateral sclerosisglial cellsHuntington’s diseasemultiple sclerosisneurodegenerationParkinson’s disease

Identifiers

PMID41596533
PMCPMC12841554

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.