ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Bioactive Lipophilic Antioxidants (Carotenoids, Tocols, Retinol, and Coenzyme Q
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A rapid and robust analytical method was validated for the simultaneous extraction and quantification of carotenoids and other lipophilic antioxidants (tocopherols, tocotrienols, retinol and coenzyme Q10) in human and animal tissues using a tandem RRLC-DAD-FLD system. Thirty-eight compounds were identified, with limits of quantification as low as 0.001 µg for astaxanthin, retinol, and coenzyme Q10. Most analytes exhibited high recoveries (85-94%) and good precision (coefficient of variation < 10%), except for Co-Q10, which showed moderate variability. The method was applied to seven human tissue types and their corresponding animal tissues, demonstrating high versatility and analytical reliability. Several isomers of colourless carotenoids were identified in human tissues for the first time, reinforcing their emerging relevance in photoprotection and health. This method provides a valuable analytical tool for investigating the tissue distribution, bioavailability, functionality and nutritional significance of lipophilic antioxidants, thereby supporting future research on antioxidant status and health-related actions.
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