Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41595913›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

Social Perception, Trust, and Reluctance Towards Vaccines: A Bibliometric Analysis (2019-2025).

Johanna Valeria Caranqui-Encalada, Grecia Elizabeth Encalada-Campos, Joceline Damaris Caranqui-Encalada, Carmen Azucena Yancha-Moreta, Dennis Alfredo Peralta-Gamboa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Johanna Valeria Caranqui-EncaladaFacultad de Salud y Servicios Sociales, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador
Grecia Elizabeth Encalada-CamposFacultad de Salud y Servicios Sociales, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador
Joceline Damaris Caranqui-EncaladaHospital General IEES Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador.
Carmen Azucena Yancha-MoretaFacultad de Salud y Servicios Sociales, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador
Dennis Alfredo Peralta-GamboaAcompañamiento Estudiantil, Escuela de Salud, Facultad de Posgrados, Universitaria Rómulo Minchala, Milagro 091050, Ecuador.ORCID 0009-0009-0636-0094

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze social perception, trust, and vaccine hesitancy through a combined approach of bibliometric analysis and qualitative synthesis, based on the most cited articles in the recent scientific literature. A systematic search was conducted in indexed databases, identifying patterns of production, collaboration, citation, thematic networks, and conceptual trends associated with the study of public trust in vaccines. The results reveal a marked geographic concentration of scientific production, dominated by the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as a strong articulation of thematic clusters linked to digital disinformation, health communication, risk perception, and psychosocial determinants of vaccine acceptance. The qualitative synthesis of the most influential studies reveals that vaccine hesitancy is a multidimensional phenomenon, determined by sociocultural, cognitive, emotional, and structural factors that interact dynamically according to each context. Disinformation, institutional trust, community narratives, and the credibility of sources emerge as central components in individual decision-making. Together, the integrated results enable a deeper understanding of vaccine hesitancy beyond traditional cognitive models, highlighting the need for contextualized communication strategies, intercultural approaches, and health policies based on trust and social participation. This study provides an integral view of the scientific landscape and establishes priority lines for future research and the design of effective public health interventions.

Indexed as

Social PerceptionTrustVaccinationVaccination HesitancyVaccinesBibliometricsHumansUnited KingdomUnited StatesVaccinesdisinformationhealth communicationsocial mediavaccination behaviorvaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID41595913
PMCPMC12841468

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.