ReviewBiomedicines2026
Gut-Kidney Axis: Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Review in Biomedicines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut‑liver‑kidney axis: A systems biology framework for understanding and treating chronic kidney disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Legumes: Harnessing the Gut-Kidney Axis in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and 28-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: From Adipose Depot Biology to the Chymase-Aldosterone and Ghrelin-Leptin Axes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Microbiota and Methylglyoxal-Derived AGEs: Implications in Ageing and Age-Related Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond Weight Loss: Gut Microenvironment Modulation to Enhance Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Long-Term Adherence During Incretin-Based Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Features and 1-Year Prognosis of Patients with Suspected Sepsis and Positive Blood Cultures in the Emergency Department: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Microbiome-Targeted Modulation in Renal Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Investigating the Kidney-Gut-Brain Axis in CKD: Uremic Toxins and Brain Microhemorrhages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The roles of free-fatty acid receptors in the pathophysiology of renal disorders.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- The Gut-Kidney-Metabolic Axis: Impact of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins on Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bridging systems: oral-kidney connections - pathophysiological links, clinical implications, and health system integration - a narrative review.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
- Gut dysbiosis and constipation in patients with end-stage renal disease: pathogenic associations and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Integrative multi-omics analysis identifies microbial dysbiosis and functional metabolic reprogramming in acute kidney injury.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and gut-kidney axis in kidney diseases: therapeutic potential and perspectives of natural products.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects over 850 million individuals globally, is increasingly regarded as a systemic condition in which the gut microbiota represents a key pathogenic node. This review provides an integrated overview of mechanistic, translational and clinical data implicating the gut-kidney axis in CKD. The CKD-associated microbiota displays a characteristic dysbiosis, marked by depletion of short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals, overgrowth of proteolytic and urease-expressing taxa and disruption of epithelial barrier integrity. These disturbances favor the generation and systemic accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins, most notably indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, indole-3-acetic acid and trimethylamine-N-oxide, which promote endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification, fibrosis and chronic inflammation, thereby hastening renal function loss and heightening cardiovascular risk. Microbiome-directed interventions, including dietary modification, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, intestinal dialysis, fecal microbiota transplantation, gut-acting sorbents and nephroprotective phytochemicals, are summarized with emphasis on their effects on uremic toxin burden and clinical surrogates. System-level implications of the gut-kidney axis for cardiovascular disease, immunosenescence and sarcopenia are discussed, together with future priorities for integrating multi-omics profiling and precision microbiome-based strategies into nephrology practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.