Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41595458›Full record

ArticleGenes2025

Multi-Modal Profiling Reveals SERPINB3-Driven Immune Evasion and Stromal Immune Mimicry in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Zinab O Doha

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Zinab O DohaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2952-9840

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits high immune infiltration yet remains clinically aggressive. Although immune checkpoint blockade benefits a subset of patients, the molecular programs enabling concurrent immune activation and immune evasion in TNBC are not fully defined. This study aimed to identify TNBC-specific tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic molecular features that may explain this paradox.

methodsPublicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing data from primary breast tumors were analyzed to characterize subtype-specific transcriptional programs across epithelial and stromal compartments. Tumor-intrinsic findings were independently validated using bulk transcriptomic and clinical data from the METABRIC cohort. Tumor microenvironment remodeling was evaluated using multiplexed tissue imaging of TNBC tumors. Functional analyses were done included Gene Ontology enrichment, Hallmark gene set enrichment analysis, and SERPINB3-centered protein-protein interaction network analysis using STRING.

resultsSingle-cell analysis identified

conclusionsTogether, these data indicate that TNBC exhibits co-existing immune activation and immune-suppressive features. The identified epithelial and stromal signatures represent candidate biomarkers that may inform future studies of immune regulation and therapeutic stratification in TNBC.

Indexed as

Antigens, NeoplasmSerpinsTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsTumor EscapeBiomarkers, TumorFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansSingle-Cell AnalysisStromal CellsTranscriptomeTumor MicroenvironmentAntigens, NeoplasmBiomarkers, TumorSerpinssquamous cell carcinoma-related antigenimmune evasionimmune mimicrymultiplex tissue imagingSER-PINB3single-cell RNA sequencingtriple-negative breast cancertumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41595458
PMCPMC12840653

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.