Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41595094›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Impact of a Hybrid Prevention Program for High School Students on Prescription Drug Misuse Outcomes.

Kenneth W Griffin, Christopher Williams, Sandra M Sousa, Gilbert J Botvin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kenneth W GriffinDepartment of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4653-879X
Christopher WilliamsNational Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, NY 10604, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8736-1591
Sandra M SousaNational Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, NY 10604, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-4301-795X
Gilbert J BotvinNational Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, NY 10604, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4895-8352

Funding

A High School Program for Preventing Prescription Drug AbuseR44DA043273 · NIDA · NATIONAL HEALTH PROMOTION ASSOCIATES · PI WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER · 2017 to 2021
$1.7M
NIDA NIH HHS R44DA043273
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prescription drug misuse among youth is a significant public health problem that can lead to negative consequences, including addiction and overdose deaths. This study examined the effectiveness of an evidence-based hybrid approach in preventing prescription drug misuse outcomes in high school students. The prevention program used a combination of e-learning modules and classroom activities to enhance social and personal competence skills and refusal skills to deter prescription drug misuse and other types of substance misuse. Findings indicated that prescription sedative misuse was lower among students who received the hybrid prevention program compared to students in the control group. Perceived risk of using prescription sedatives, painkillers, and stimulants prescribed for someone else was higher in the intervention group relative to the control group students. These findings indicate that a comprehensive, universal school-based hybrid prevention program can produce positive impacts on sedative use and perceived risks of prescription drug misuse.

Indexed as

adolescencee-learninghybridprescription drug misuseprevention

Identifiers

PMID41595094
PMCPMC12838330

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.