Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41595028›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

The Effects of a Strategic Instructional Self-Talk Intervention on Performance in a Complex Tennis Rally.

Evangelos Galanis, Polydoros Kouvarakis, Olga Kouli, Charalampos Krommidas, Nikos Comoutos, Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, Yannis Theodorakis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Evangelos GalanisDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6525-2012
Polydoros KouvarakisDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.
Olga KouliDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 691 00 Panepistimioupoli, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6359-4470
Charalampos KrommidasDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-1461-9459
Nikos ComoutosDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.
Antonis HatzigeorgiadisDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.
Yannis TheodorakisDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5768-2060

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a strategic self-talk intervention on a complex tennis performance test through the use of a narrow internal instructional self-talk plan. Fifty young beginner tennis players from two tennis academies were assigned into intervention and control groups. A pre/post quasi-experimental design was implemented, including baseline assessment, training intervention, and final assessment. The intervention lasted five weeks, during which all participants underwent the same training, with the experimental group using strategic self-talk. Repeated measures MANOVA revealed a significant time by group interaction for all tennis strokes; pairwise comparisons showed that the all strokes performance of the self-talk group improved from initial to final assessment and was better than the performance of the control group at final assessment. In addition, repeated measures ANOVA examining the overall performance of the rally showed that the intervention group achieved higher total rally scores than the control group. The effectiveness of the intervention in this multi-stroke task suggests that strategic self-talk facilitated movement sequences, possibly through an efficient shifting of attention. Accordingly, practitioners are encouraged to explore the potential of strategic self-talk for tasks requiring such attentional demands.

Indexed as

performance enhancementself-regulationself-talk mechanismsshifting attentiontennis strokes

Identifiers

PMID41595028
PMCPMC12837440

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.