Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41594854›Full record

ArticleBiology2026

Application-Specific Measurement Uncertainty Software for Measuring Enrofloxacin Residue in Aquatic Products Using the Quick Quantitative (QQ) Method.

Bo Rong, Haitao Zhang, Wenjing He, Peilong Song, Yuanyuan Xu, Emmanuel Bob Samuel Simbo, Haizhou Jiang, Liping Qiu, Lei Zhu, Longxiang Fang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Bo RongSchool of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.ORCID 0009-0007-6747-2562
Haitao ZhangJiangsu SuWei Institute of Microbiology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214063, China.
Wenjing HeWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
Peilong SongSchool of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
Yuanyuan XuSchool of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
Emmanuel Bob Samuel SimboWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.ORCID 0009-0000-8435-1075
Haizhou JiangWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
Liping QiuFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
Lei ZhuWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
Longxiang FangWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
Suxian QiJiangsu SuWei Institute of Microbiology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214063, China.
Tingting YangJiangsu SuWei Institute of Microbiology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214063, China.
Zhongquan JiangEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China.
Shunlong MengSchool of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8906-2894
Chao SongSchool of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7207-1620

Funding

Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center No. 2025JBFZ04China Agricultural Research System No. CARS-46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Quick Quantitative (QQ) immunoassays have been increasingly applied for the measurement of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) residues in aquaculture due to their speed and convenience. However, their quantitative reliability remains limited because measurement uncertainty (MU) is rarely considered during field testing. To enhance the metrological reliability of QQ-based residue analysis, we developed AquaUncertainty Pal, a mobile application that embeds real-time MU computation into the QQ workflow. The software automatically evaluates uncertainty sources during sampling and pipetting, visualizes the uncertainty budget, and guides users through optimized operations. The framework was validated against ISO/IEC 17025-accredited LC-MS/MS and assessed through a user study involving 20 frontline technicians. With the integrated software, pipetting precision (RSD) at 100 μL improved from 4.1% to 1.79%, the inter-operator variability (CV) decreased by 52%, and conformity assessment accuracy for samples near the maximum residue limit (MRL) increased from 25% to 70%. This suggests that real-time MU visualization effectively guided technicians toward consistent pipetting and interpretation behavior. These results demonstrate that integrating MU into the QQ workflow is both feasible and effective, substantially improving reliability and providing a replicable digital framework for uncertainty-informed residue monitoring in aquaculture.

Indexed as

aquacultureciprofloxacinconformity assessmentenrofloxacinexpanded uncertaintymeasurement uncertaintymobile applicationQuick Quantitative method

Identifiers

PMID41594854
PMCPMC12837475

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.