Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41594652›Full record

ArticleBiomolecules2026

Characterization of Newly Synthesized Nanobiomaterials for the Treatment of White Spot Lesions.

Andra Clichici, Diana Dudea, Cristina Gasparik, Camelia Alexandra Coadă, Ioana Bâldea, Stanca Cuc, Mărioara Moldovan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Andra ClichiciDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0009-0000-8210-6252
Diana DudeaDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-9080-9625
Cristina GasparikDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0001-9271-9589
Camelia Alexandra CoadăDepartment of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0001-8362-6639
Ioana BâldeaDepartment of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0003-4046-7310
Stanca CucDepartment Polymeric Composites, Raluca Ripan Chemistry Research Institute, Babes Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-9812-695X
Mărioara MoldovanDepartment Polymeric Composites, Raluca Ripan Chemistry Research Institute, Babes Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID 0000-0001-9714-4809

Funding

Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CCCDI-UEFISCDI PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-2953, 334 PED/2020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhite spot lesions (WSLs) are characterized by enamel demineralization. Minimally invasive treatments using infiltrating resins, such as the commercially available Icon

objectivesThis study aimed to synthesize and characterize four novel nanobiomaterials by evaluating their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility compared to the commercial material Icon MATERIALS AND

methodsThe recipes for the experimental nanobiomaterials NB3, NB6, NB3F, and NB6F contain varying proportions of TEGDMA, UDMA, HEMA, Bis-GMA, and HAF-BaF2 glass. Mechanical and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated, such as flexural strength, measured using the three-point test; water absorption and solubility; fluoride release; polymerization conversion; and residual monomers, assessed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In vitro cell viability was assessed via colorimetry using human dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs).

resultsNB6 and NB6F demonstrated the greatest polymerization potential. NB3 exhibited the lowest water absorption and solubility due to its hydrophobic nature. Additionally, the inclusion of UDMA enhanced the strength and elasticity of NB3 when compared to NB6. Among the samples with fluoride additives (NB3F and NB6F), the highest fluoride release on day 7 occurred with the material lacking UDMA. In contrast, the NB3F sample containing UDMA released the least amount of fluoride on the same day. In quantitative terms, NB3 and NB6F exhibited the lowest levels of residual monomers, whereas NB6 showed the highest levels. Both NB3 and NB6 were significantly better tolerated by the cells, showing higher cell viability compared to the commercial material Icon

conclusionsThe materials' mechanical and physicochemical properties varied with component proportions, enabling identification of a suitable formulation for targeted clinical applications. Biocompatibility tests showed that the experimental NB3 and NB6 were better tolerated than Icon

Indexed as

Biocompatible MaterialsDental CariesNanostructuresCell SurvivalFluoridesHumansKeratinocytesMaterials TestingSolubilityBiocompatible MaterialsFluoridescytotoxicitydemineralization lesionsinfiltration resinswhite spot lesions

Identifiers

PMID41594652
PMCPMC12838784

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.