ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Dose-Dependent Responses of Weaned Piglets to Multi-Species Solid-State Fermented Apple Pomace: Enhanced Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Gut Microbiota Modulation.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesApple pomace, a major by-product of juice production, represents both an environmental burden and an underutilized resource. This study aimed to enhance the nutritional value of apple pomace via solid-state fermentation (SSF) to develop a functional feed ingredient and systematically evaluate its effects on growth, metabolism, and intestinal health in weaned piglets.
methodsApple pomace was fermented using a multi-species consortium (
resultsDietary fermented apple pomace supplementation showed dose-dependent effects. The 8% fermented apple pomace group exhibited optimal growth performance, with increased average daily gain and feed intake and reduced feed-to-gain ratio (
conclusionsMulti-species SSF successively enhanced the nutritional profile of apple pomace. Inclusion at 8% showed the most favorable response in terms of growth performance, metabolic profile, and immune-antioxidant status in weaned piglets, mediated through improved intestinal morphology and targeted modulation of the gut microbiota toward a more diverse and beneficial ecosystem. These findings support the high-value, functional utilization of apple pomace as a feed additive in swine nutrition.
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