Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41594358›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Factors Influencing the Production Efficiency of Cloned Pigs: A Large-Scale Retrospective Analysis.

Huaxing Zhao, Shouquan Zhang, Xiaopeng Tang, Rong Zhou, Ranbiao Mai, Lvhua Luo, Qiaoyun Su, Sixiu Huang, Zhenfang Wu, Zicong Li and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Huaxing ZhaoNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Shouquan ZhangNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6757-9465
Xiaopeng TangNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Rong ZhouYunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu 527300, China.
Ranbiao MaiYunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu 527300, China.
Lvhua LuoYunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu 527300, China.
Qiaoyun SuYunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu 527300, China.
Sixiu HuangNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Zhenfang WuNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Zicong LiNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Gengyuan CaiNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Junsong ShiNational Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Gene Bank of Guangdong Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.

Funding

Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province 2023-XBH-00-004Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province 2024-XPY-00-005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has valuable applications in agriculture, biomedicine, and life sciences, yet low cloning efficiency remains a major constraint limiting its application. To systematically investigate factors related to the production efficiency of pig cloning, this study conducted a retrospective analysis of 367,701 SCNT embryos transferred into 2019 surrogate sows over five years, focusing on breeds of donor cells, the season of embryo transfers, and the number of embryos transferred per surrogate. Our data demonstrate that the genetic background of donor cells is a critical determinant. SCNT embryos generated by wild-type (WT) Pietrain and Duroc pigs yielded significantly higher cloning efficiencies compared to those from Large White and Yorkshire pigs. This breed-specific influence was also observed with genetically modified (GM) donor cells. Nevertheless, within the GM groups, GM-Duroc and GM-Yorkshire showed superior efficiency compared to GM-Large White and GM-Bama. Furthermore, Summer was identified as the least favorable season for embryo transfer, with significantly lower pregnancy rates, delivery rates, and cloning efficiency compared to the other seasons. Importantly, we established that transferring 100-150 embryos per recipient optimized cloning efficiency, significantly outperforming groups receiving higher embryo numbers without compromising pregnancy rates, delivery rates, or average litter sizes. Our findings provide valuable guidance for optimizing large-scale SCNT protocols in swine.

Indexed as

breedscloning efficiencyembryos transferred numberpigseason

Identifiers

PMID41594358
PMCPMC12837946

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.