Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41594104›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Natural and Synthetic Peptides as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Intestinal Infections-A Review.

Lala Stepanyan, Monika Israyelyan, Alessandro Gori, Avetis Tsaturyan, Zhaklina Saribekyan, Kristina Hovsepyan, Tatevik Sargsyan, Raffaele Pastore, Antonio De Luca, Giovanni N Roviello

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Forest Bathing (Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lala StepanyanScientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia.ORCID 0000-0002-9791-6917
Monika IsrayelyanScientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia.
Alessandro GoriSCITEC-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1640-7238
Avetis TsaturyanScientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia.
Zhaklina SaribekyanScientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia.
Kristina HovsepyanScientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia.
Tatevik SargsyanScientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia.ORCID 0000-0001-6275-0665
Raffaele PastoreDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Antonio De LucaDepartment of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3905-6154
Giovanni N RovielloInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6065-2367

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs), evolutionarily conserved components of innate immunity characterized by their broad-spectrum efficacy and minimal resistance development, are increasingly recognized as promising therapeutic candidates. This review aims to integrate current knowledge concerning natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic effectiveness in addressing gastrointestinal infections.

methodsA literature review was performed, evaluating recent peer-reviewed studies on AMPs. The research concentrated on their molecular mechanisms of action, antimicrobial spectrum, and their interactions with standard antibiotics. More in detail, the peptide classes examined herein included defensins, cathelicidins, histatins, and various natural peptides such as lactoferricin, protamines, RegIII, and hepcidin, along with synthetic analogs like WR12, D-IK8, MSI-78, and IMX942.

resultsNatural AMPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects against

conclusionsAMPs constitute a promising category endowed with anti-infective activity, especially for therapy of intestinal diseases, which is attributed to their distinctive anti-infective mechanisms, immune-modulating characteristics, and a relatively low propensity for resistance development compared to conventional antibiotics. However, more clinical trials and improvements to their formulation are needed to translate promising in vitro results into reliable patient outcomes.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistanceanti-infective therapyantimicrobial peptidescathelicidinsdefensinsepithelial barriergut microbiotaintestinal infectionssynthetic antimicrobial peptides

Identifiers

PMID41594104
PMCPMC12837539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.