Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41593915›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Eye Gaze Entropy Reflects Individual Experience in the Context of Driving.

Karina Arutyunova, Evgenii Burashnikov, Nikita Timakin, Ivan Shishalov, Andrei Filimonov, Anastasiia Bakhchina

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Karina ArutyunovaCognitive Systems Lab, Harman Research, Harman International, 30001 Cabot Dr, Novi, MI 48377, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3056-5670
Evgenii BurashnikovCognitive Systems Lab, Harman Research, Harman International, 30001 Cabot Dr, Novi, MI 48377, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0838-0250
Nikita TimakinCognitive Systems Lab, Harman Research, Harman International, 30001 Cabot Dr, Novi, MI 48377, USA.
Ivan ShishalovCognitive Systems Lab, Harman Research, Harman International, 30001 Cabot Dr, Novi, MI 48377, USA.
Andrei FilimonovCognitive Systems Lab, Harman Research, Harman International, 30001 Cabot Dr, Novi, MI 48377, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1529-5916
Anastasiia BakhchinaCognitive Systems Lab, Harman Research, Harman International, 30001 Cabot Dr, Novi, MI 48377, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Eye gaze plays an essential role in the organisation of human goal-directed behaviour. Stationary gaze entropy and gaze transition entropy are two informative measures of visual scanning in different tasks. In this work, we discuss the benefits of these eye gaze entropy measures in the context of driving behaviour. In our large-scale study, participants performed driving tasks in a simulator (N = 380, 44% female, age: 20-73 years old) and in on-road urban environments (N = 241, 44% female, age: 19-74 years old). We analysed measures of eye gaze entropy in relation to driving experience and compared their dynamics between the simulator and on-road driving. The results demonstrate that, in both driving conditions, gaze transition entropy is higher, whereas stationary gaze entropy is lower, in more experienced drivers of both genders. This suggests that gaining driving experience may be accompanied by a decrease in overall gaze dispersion and an increased unpredictability of visual scanning behaviour. These results are in line with previously reported trends on experience-related dynamics of eye gaze entropy measures. We discuss our findings in the framework of the system-evolutionary theory, which explains the organisation of behaviour through the history of individual development, corresponding to the growing complexity of individual-environment interactions. Experience-related dynamics of eye gaze complexity can be a useful factor in the development of practical applications, such as driver monitoring systems and other human-machine interfaces.

Indexed as

drivingdriving experienceentropyeye gazeeye trackingindividual experience

Identifiers

PMID41593915
PMCPMC12840021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.