ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
Co-development and implementation of a group-based arm-crank exercise programme in the community for individuals with neurological impairments.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGroup-based exercise classes are popular ways to promote engagement in regular exercise. However, such opportunities are limited for individuals with neurological impairments, who often are more physically deconditioned, require disability-specific instructions and specialised, accessible equipment.
objectiveThis study aimed to co-develop a group-based, community-delivered arm-crank exercise (ACE) programme with individuals with neurological impairments and to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the programme in community settings.
methodsA pragmatic ACE programme was developed with five participants with a long-term neurological impairment, followed by a pilot, implementation of the programme in a university-based wellbeing centre (MoveWell) and in a local gym (Greenbank) across multiple iterations. The classes were held twice a week for 8–12 weeks, guided by music and real-time heart rate monitoring to maintain moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise. A mixed-methods evaluation assessed adherence, participant satisfaction, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical function. Focus groups were conducted to explore perceived benefits, challenges, and recommendations for future implementation.
resultsTen participants (mean ± SD age 45 ± 14 years; 2 females) with diverse neurological impairments (spinal cord injury, stroke, hereditary spastic paraplegia, cerebral palsy, and Chiari malformation) completed a minimum of one iteration of the programme. Adherence was high (MoveWell: 77 ± 17%; Greenbank: 54 ± 7%) and no serious adverse effects were reported. Participants reported increased of 10 points (SD = 12) in both physical and mental component summaries of HRQoL, with high self-perceived satisfaction and effectiveness with the programme. Qualitative data highlighted that self-perceived physical and mental benefits, social connection, and accessibility as key facilitators for engagement.
conclusionThe programme, co-developed with the participants, was feasible, acceptable, and safely delivered in real-world community settings. Findings support the potential for inclusive, group-based ACE to promote health and wellbeing in people with neurological conditions and inform future community-based exercise initiatives.
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