Observational studyAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2026
Evaluating hand hygiene compliance: a digital-based approach for assessing healthcare worker practices in the teaching hospitals in Malaysia.
Observational study in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Practice and Effectiveness Analysis of Multimodal Integrated Teaching Methods in Neurosurgery Clinical Teaching.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains a critical challenge in infection prevention. Traditional audit methods have limitations, including observation bias and Hawthorne effect. This study used eye-tracking technology to as an objective behavioural tool to assess and compare of HCWs compliance with infection control measures in two teaching hospital in Malaysia.
methodsA prospective observational study was conducted across two hospitals (Hospital I and II). Participants performed standardized patient care scenarios incorporating the "5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" technique while wearing eye-tracking glasses to monitor the compliance of HCWs. Handrub duration, scrub-the-hub duration and gaze behavior including dwell time, fixation time and saccade on selected areas of interest were recorded.
results75 HCWs (doctors and nurses) were recruited. Hospital I showed higher overall compliance (56.9%) than Hospital II (42.6%). Lowest adherence occurred at the moment "before patient contact". The average handrub duration of 13.63 s fell substantially below the WHO-recommended standard. Similarly, scrub-the-hub durations of 7.6 s in Hospital I and 4.13 s in Hospital II failed to meet the 10-15 s guideline, potentially compromising the effectiveness of these critical infection control measures. Medical station alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) dispensers received more visual attention than bedside ABHR, but did not consistently translate to compliance. Scrub-the-hub required the longest visual engagement, indicating procedural complexity.
conclusionsThe use of eye-tracking technology in hand hygiene audits identified critical gaps in both compliance and technique quality. This study suggests the need for targeted training on proper durations, optimized ABHR placement, and technology-enhanced monitoring. This approach provides behavioral insights that could improve hand hygiene interventions and reduce infection risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.