Observational studyJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2026
Deficits in dynamic stability revealed by the Y-Balance test in middle-aged and elderly adults with patellofemoral pain.
Observational study in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07068984 (Assessing Lower Extremity Dynamic Stability in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Using the Y-Balance Test), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Assessing Lower Extremity Dynamic Stability in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Using the Y-Balance Test: A Cross-Sectional Study
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee disorder associated with biomechanical abnormalities and impaired dynamic stability. While well-studied in younger populations, dynamic balance in middle-aged and elderly individuals with PFPS remains poorly understood. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is a validated tool for assessing multidirectional balance and has been increasingly used in PFPS evaluations. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare lower-extremity dynamic balance using the YBT between symptomatic patients aged 40-60 years and asymptomatic controls.
methodsForty-nine patients with PFPS (symptoms ≥ 3 months) and 21 healthy controls underwent YBT assessment. Anterior reach asymmetry, composite score, posteromedial/posterolateral reach distances, limb symmetry ratio, and inter-limb difference were analysed with independent-samples t-tests.
resultsPFPS patients showed greater anterior reach asymmetry (4.4 ± 1.4 cm vs. 2.4 ± 1.7 cm; p = 0.03) and lower composite scores on the affected side (left: 92.1 ± 4.8% vs. 98.9 ± 3.7%; p = 0.02). Reach distances in the posteromedial and posterolateral directions were also reduced (p < 0.05). Limb symmetry ratios did not differ between groups (p > 0.05).
conclusionMiddle-aged and elderly individuals with PFPS exhibit multiplanar dynamic stability deficits on the YBT despite preserved inter-limb symmetry. These objective impairment findings support incorporating targeted balance training and kinetic chain exercises into rehabilitation protocols for this age group. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07068984.
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