Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41593482›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

Intratumoral delivery of probiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius H22A013 modulates the melanoma microenvironment and enhances trametinib efficacy.

Dongyu Zhen, Zhe Han, Zhihan Yang, Haiyang Tu, Xinlei Liu, Jiachao Zhang, Dongxue Huo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dongyu Zhen *School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.ORCID 0009-0002-9394-6833
Zhe Han *School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
Zhihan YangSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
Haiyang TuSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
Xinlei LiuSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
Jiachao ZhangSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
Dongxue HuoSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China. 992922@hainanu.edu.cn.

Funding

the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hainan Province KJRC2025B01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melanoma, an aggressive and frequently metastatic skin cancer, demands more effective therapies. While probiotics modulate the gut–tumor axis, their indirect action and the use of engineered strains raise concerns over variability and safety. Here, we introduce a direct intratumoral delivery strategy using the native probiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius H22A013 to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME). Combined with trametinib, L. salivarius H22A013 elevated IFN-γ and TNF-α levels, enhanced immune cell infiltration, and amplified anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, the strain migrated to the gut, reshaping gut microbiota composition and metabolic output—suppressing spermine/spermidine degradation while promoting valine synthesis, thereby reinforcing systemic tumor suppression. This approach bypasses indirect gut-axis modulation and avoids risks of engineered probiotics, revealing a new paradigm for native probiotics in cancer treatment.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsMelanomaProbioticsPyridonesTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsCell Line, TumorGastrointestinal MicrobiomeInterferon-gammaMiceTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAntineoplastic AgentsInterferon-gammaPyridonesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaProbiotics; Melanoma; InjectionTMEWMS

Identifiers

PMID41593482
PMCPMC12973638

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.