Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41593101›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Graphene based terahertz MIMO antenna with machine learning regression for 6G communications.

Md Ashraful Haque, Md Shoaib Akhter, Isha Das, Toufiq Uz Zaman, Jun-Jiat Tiang, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh, Abeer D Algarni, Abdelhamied A Ateya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Md Ashraful HaqueDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh. limon.ashraf@gmail.com.
Md Shoaib AkhterDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Isha DasNetwork Communication and IoT Lab, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Toufiq Uz ZamanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Jun-Jiat TiangCentre for Wireless Technology, CoE for Intelligent Network, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya, 63100, Selangor, Malaysia. jjtiang@mmu.edu.my.
Narinderjit Singh Sawaran SinghFaculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia.
Abeer D AlgarniDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Abdelhamied A AteyaEIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, (PNURSP2025R749)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study introduces a compact, high-performance multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna engineered for 6G terahertz (THz) communication systems. The antenna is implemented on a polyimide substrate (dielectric constant εr = 3.5, loss tangent tanδ = 0.0027) with dimensions of 405 × 163.75 μm², providing a miniaturized footprint suitable for integrated wireless devices. The antenna exhibits multi-resonance operation at 3.752, 4.204, 4.652, 5.104, 5.548, 6.000, and 6.460 THz, providing corresponding bandwidths of 0.3348, 0.2634, 0.2389, 0.2289, 0.2158, 0.2063, and 0.2096 THz, ensuring wideband coverage suitable for high-data-rate applications. The antenna achieves a peak gain of 13.353 dB, outstanding isolation of − 34.044 dB, and high efficiency of 96.048%, highlighting its suitability for high-data-rate and low-interference 6G communications. Strong diversity performance is demonstrated through an ultra-low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.00017856 and a near-ideal diversity gain (DG) of 9.99911, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design for interference mitigation and channel reliability. CST Microwave Studio (MWS) simulations were employed to generate datasets for supervised regression machine learning to predict antenna gain. Random Forest Regression delivered superior predictive accuracy with MSE = 0.76%, MAE = 5.43%, RMSE = 8.72%, R² = 93.93%, and variance score = 95.12%, closely matching the simulated results. The integration of high-performance multi-band antenna design with regression-based machine learning demonstrates a reliable framework for rapid performance evaluation. The combination of compact geometry, wide multi-band operation, high gain, strong isolation, and machine learning-based predictive modeling positions the proposed antenna as a promising solution for high-data-rate and interference-resilient 6G THz communication networks.

Indexed as

6GMachine learning industrial and innovationMIMO antennaTHz

Identifiers

PMID41593101
PMCPMC12855884

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.