Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41593095›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Taguchi optimisation of ZnO and GO-integrated HA nanocomposite with improved antibacterial performance.

Hossein Mohammadi, Negin Bashardoust, Michal Petrů, Mona Ebadi, Salmia Beddu, Mohsen Safaei, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hossein MohammadiSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Penang, Malaysia.
Negin BashardoustStudents Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Michal PetrůFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, Liberec, 461 17, Czech Republic.
Mona EbadiEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast), ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Salmia BedduDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohsen SafaeiAdvanced Dental Science and Technology Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. safaei@kums.ac.ir.
Seyed Saeid Rahimian KoloorInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, Liberec, 461 17, Czech Republic. seyed.rahimian@tul.cz.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concern associated with hydroxyapatite (HA) in dental applications is biofilm formation on the surface, causing tooth decay. Combining HA with antibacterial agents has great potential to avert biofilm formation and increase its antibacterial activity. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic optimization of HA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite synthesis using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array method (3 factors: HA, GO, and ZnO). Unlike previous HA/GO/ZnO studies focused solely on compositional or biological evaluations, this approach identifies the optimal synthesis parameters statistically, attaining enhanced antibacterial performance. The structural arrangement of the nanocomposite was examined using XRD, TEM, and FESEM. Moreover, the successful interfacial interaction between HA, ZnO, and GO were verified in the nanocomposite through FTIR, TEM, and EDX analyses. The highest effective antibacterial activity was observed for the nanocomposite synthesised under experiment 3 (20.08 mg/mL HA, 0.03 mg/mL GO, and 4.88 mg/mL ZnO), in which the HA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite showed a significantly lower bacterial survival rate of 0.61 log₁₀ CFU/mL than that of 0.97 log₁₀ CFU/mL for pure HA. The results demonstrated the effective antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite, suggesting that the HA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite can be used in oral health applications.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDurapatiteGraphiteNanocompositesZinc OxideBiofilmsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDurapatitegraphene oxideGraphiteZinc OxideAntibacterialGraphene oxideHydroxyapatiteTaguchi methodZinc oxide nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID41593095
PMCPMC12852922

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.