Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41592623›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2026

A proimmunotoxin nanodrug targeting AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Shilin Chen, Tong Qi, Hongxu Peng, Eugene Kimura, Xiang Zhang, Emiko Kranz, Zheng Cao, Zi Wang, Wenting Chen, Leonardo R Ancheta and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Shilin ChenDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tong QiDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Hongxu PengDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Eugene KimuraDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Xiang ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Emiko KranzDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zheng CaoDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zi WangUCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Wenting ChenUCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Leonardo R AnchetaAdvanced Targeting Systems, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA.
Douglas A LappiAdvanced Targeting Systems, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA.
Pei-Yu ChiouDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yunfeng LuUCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tracy R Daniels-WellsDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: tdaniels@mednet.ucla.edu.
Manuel L PenichetDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), USA. Electronic address: penichet@mednet.ucla.edu.
Jing WenDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), USA; California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: jingwen@mednet.ucla.edu.

Funding

Women's CancersP30CA016042 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Robert Damoiseaux · 1985 to 2026
$134.5M
Virology CoreP30AI028697 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ZACK, JEROME A. · 1991 to 2018
$39.9M
A Novel Strategy Targeting TfR1 for the Prevention/Treatment of AIDS-related NHLR01CA196266 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MARTINEZ-MAZA, OTONIEL, PENICHET, MANUEL L · 2016 to 2020
$3.4M
Targeting delivery of mAbs to CNS metastasesR01CA253215 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI WEN, JING · 2020 to 2024
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016042NCI NIH HHS R01 CA196266NCI NIH HHS R01 CA253215NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI028697
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in the United States, with a notably higher incidence and aggressiveness observed in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), leading to AIDS-associated NHL (AIDS-NHL). The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71), a type II transmembrane homodimeric protein, is overexpressed on several cancers, including NHL, providing a meaningful therapeutic target. Our group developed an anti-TfR1 IgG3-avidin fusion protein, ch128.1Av, designed to deliver biotinylated therapeutic agents into cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. When coupled with biotinylated saporin 6 (b-SO6), a plant-derived protein synthesis inhibitor, the resulting ch128.1Av/b-SO6 immunotoxin is highly effective at killing malignant cells. However, toxicity to normal cells limits its systemic administration. To overcome this problem, we developed a proimmunotoxin nanodrug, named "n(ch128.1Av/b-SO6)-CXCL13". This strategy involves encapsulating individual immunotoxins within a thin zwitterionic polymer shell, which is stabilized by peptide crosslinkers that only respond to metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a tumor microenvironment-specific enzyme. The nanodrug is further conjugated with a B-cell targeting chemokine CXCL13. This design allows the proimmunotoxin to circulate safely, specifically accumulate and release encapsulated ch128.1Av/b-SO6 intratumorally in response to MMP-2. This approach not only minimizes off-target toxicity but also enhances tissue penetration by enabling choline analogues on proimmunotoxin nanodrugs to bind choline transporters expressed on tumor cells or the blood-brain barrier. Importantly, n(ch128.1Av/b-SO6)-CXCL13 demonstrated antitumor efficacy in an AIDS-associated NHL xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our results suggest that n(ch128.1Av/b-SO6)-CXCL13, or similar proimmunotoxin strategies, represents a promising therapeutic avenue for AIDS-NHL and potentially other malignancies.

Indexed as

Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAntineoplastic AgentsAvidinImmunotoxinsLymphoma, Non-HodgkinNanoparticlesAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansMiceReceptors, TransferrinRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1SaporinsAntineoplastic AgentsAvidinImmunotoxinsReceptors, TransferrinRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1SaporinsImmunotoxinPolymer nanoencapsulationProimmunotoxin nanodrugSaporin 6Transferrin receptor 1Tumor microenvironment specificity

Identifiers

PMID41592623
PMCPMC13235839

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.