Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41591700›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical monitoring and computing2026

Beyond the equation: transparency and verification in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model implementation for target-controlled infusion.

Michele Introna

Abstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Editor's note.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Michele IntronaNeurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy. michele.introna@istituto-besta.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6574-8605

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent correspondence in the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing has raised concerns about the transparency of implementing the Eleveld pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for propofol in commercial target-controlled infusion systems. While these models are scientifically robust, limited insight into software-level implementation may hinder independent verification and clinical confidence. Addressing this requires not only improved transparency and validation but also adequate clinician training, particularly as intravenous anesthesia techniques gain prominence in response to evolving regulatory and environmental pressures.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, IntravenousAnesthetics, IntravenousPropofolComputer SimulationHumansInfusions, IntravenousModels, BiologicalSoftwareAnesthetics, IntravenousPropofolAnesthesiologyGreen anesthesiaPKPDRegulatoryTarget controlled infusionTCI

Identifiers

PMID41591700
PMCPMC12963188

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.