Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41591687›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2026

Educational Attainment and HIV Prevalence by Age Among Pregnant Women in South Africa.

Chibuzor M Babalola, Kalpana Gopalkrishnan, Mandisa M Mdingi, Freedom Mukomana, Msindisi Gqirana, Christina A Muzny, Christopher M Taylor, Remco P H Peters, Andrew Medina-Marino, Jeffrey D Klausner

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Article in AIDS and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Chibuzor M BabalolaDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA. Chibuzor.Babalola@med.usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-1620
Kalpana GopalkrishnanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
Mandisa M MdingiResearch Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa.
Freedom MukomanaResearch Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa.
Msindisi GqiranaResearch Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa.
Christina A MuznyDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Christopher M TaylorLouisiana State University Health Sciences - New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Remco P H PetersResearch Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa.
Andrew Medina-MarinoPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Jeffrey D KlausnerDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.

Funding

Clinical Study of STI Screening to Prevent Adverse Birth and Newborn OutcomesR01AI149339 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KLAUSNER, JEFFREY DAVID, MEDINA-MARINO, ANDREW · 2020 to 2024
$4.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI149339
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We examined the association between educational attainment and HIV positivity among pregnant women in a high HIV-prevalence setting and assessed how this relationship varies by age to inform targeted prevention strategies. This cross-sectional study included 2003 pregnant women aged 21-44 years attending their first antenatal visit (<27 weeks' gestation) at four public health facilities in East London, South Africa, between March 2021 and May 2024. Educational attainment was categorized as pre-high school (< grade 10), high school (grades 10-12), diploma (post-high school), or degree (associate's or bachelor's). Age was categorized into four groups (21-24, 25-29, 30-34, and 35-44 years). HIV status was determined through routine antenatal testing. We used logistic regression to assess associations between educational attainment and HIV positivity, adjusting for age, partner's HIV status, and participant sexually transmitted infection (STI) status. Overall HIV prevalence was 31.0% (95% CI, 28.9%-33.0%). Compared with women with less than a high school education, the odds of HIV infection were lower among women who attained high school education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.87), a diploma (AOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24-0.67), or a degree (AOR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.43). However, this inverse association was not observed among women aged 35-44 years. In conclusion, higher educational attainment was associated with lower HIV prevalence among pregnant women, but this protective association diminished with increasing age. HIV prevention strategies should account for both socioeconomic factors and age-related interpersonal dynamics influencing HIV vulnerability.

Indexed as

Educational StatusHIV InfectionsPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPregnant PeopleAdultAge FactorsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansPregnancyPrevalenceRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsSouth AfricaYoung AdultAdolescent girls and young womenEducational attainmentHIV prevalenceHIV preventionPregnancy, socio-behavioral factors

Identifiers

PMID41591687
PMCPMC13400584

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