ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026
Quantification of enlargement of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in thyroid eye disease.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Delineation of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle: a magnetic resonance imaging study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory condition of the orbit leading to hypertrophy and inflammation of the orbital extra-ocular muscles (EOMs). Previous studies have sought to quantify this enlargement, but due to the anatomical proximity and limitations in imaging quality, have measured the superior rectus (SR) and Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) complex together rather than measuring the individual muscles. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective manual measurements from high-field (3-Tesla) fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits were taken from patients diagnosed with TED. To produce a control group, orbital MRIs were measured from patients being investigated for other non-TED related orbital pathology.
results47 patients were included with TED with 78 orbits measured (L: 42 R: 37). In the control group, 111 patients with 163 orbits measured were included. In the TED cohort the mean ratio of LPS to SR size was 1.04 (SD: 0.53) compared to 0.947 (SD 0.33) in the non-TED cohort with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.3381). The LPS in the TED cohort had a mean muscle thickness of 2.4 mm (SD 0.895), which was higher than the non-TED cohort (p < 0.01) which had a mean thickness of 1.56 mm (SD 0.36). This study found LPS enlargement occurred in 48.7% of TED orbits.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that absolute LPS enlargement is a common finding in TED, occurring in nearly half of affected orbits. This is the first study to individually segment and quantify the extent of enlargement of the LPS relative to the SR using modern medical imaging.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.