Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41591604›Full record

ArticleRadiological physics and technology2026

Clinically relevant effective dose k-factors for brain CT derived from Korean body size phantoms and National CT Dose Index Registry Data.

Izzati Lia Wilda, Ajin Jo, Yeji Kim, Seongwon Jeon, Hojin Kim, Jonghun Won, Jongwon Gil, Youjeong Min, Jungsu Kim, Sang-Wook Yoon and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Radiological physics and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Izzati Lia WildaDepartment of Multidisciplinary Radiological Science, The Graduate School of Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Ajin JoHealth Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yeji KimDepartment of Multidisciplinary Radiological Science, The Graduate School of Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Seongwon JeonDepartment of Multidisciplinary Radiological Science, The Graduate School of Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Hojin KimDepartment of Multidisciplinary Radiological Science, The Graduate School of Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Jonghun WonDivision of Medical Radiation and Health Management, Department of Health Hazard Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Jongwon GilDivision of Medical Radiation and Health Management, Department of Health Hazard Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Youjeong MinDivision of Medical Radiation and Health Management, Department of Health Hazard Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Jungsu KimDepartment of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Sang-Wook YoonDepartment of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Yongsu YoonDepartment of Multidisciplinary Radiological Science, The Graduate School of Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea. ysyoon@office.dongseo.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-9369

Funding

Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency 2024-10-002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global increase in computed tomography (CT) use, highlighted by a 40% growth in South Korea over the past decade, has made CT a significant source of medical radiation exposure, emphasizing the need for accurate effective dose (ED) estimation. This study aimed to develop population-specific effective dose conversion factors (k-factors) for brain CT examinations across the range of tube voltages used in Korean hospitals. Clinical dose parameters were obtained from the Korean National CT Dose Index Registry (KNCTDIR), which compiles large-scale dose-length product (DLP) data from 45 hospitals nationwide. The mean, maximum, and minimum kVp and DLP values were selected to represent typical clinical variations. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using GATE version 10.0b8 with Korean-sized XCAT phantoms for adult and pediatric groups. Organ and effective doses were calculated following ICRP 103 tissue-weighting factors, and k-factors were derived for each age, sex, and voltage condition. The results showed consistent k-factors across the evaluated voltage range, with only minimal sex-related differences. Infants had the highest coefficients (0.0029 mSv/mGy·cm), while pediatric k-factors were lower and remained relatively stable from ages 2 to 15 years. Comparisons with previous Korean and international studies revealed notable quantitative differences, emphasizing the need for updated, population-specific coefficients. The revised k-factors facilitate practical and consistent effective-dose estimation in Korean brain CT procedures.

Indexed as

Body SizeBrainPhantoms, ImagingRadiation DosageRegistriesTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleMonte Carlo MethodRepublic of KoreaComputed tomographyEffective dosek-factorMonte Carlo simulationRadiation protection

Identifiers

PMID41591604

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.