Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41591535›Full record

ArticleUrolithiasis2026

Quantitative analysis and risk factors of high-grade encrustation in double-J stents after ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy.

Jimeng Hu, Wenshuo Zhao, Guilin Xiao, Fusu Gao, Minwei Peng, Renhui Huang, Kang Ouyang, Hai Qiu, Bin Zhong, Lu Wang and 3 more

Abstract read
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Article in Urolithiasis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jimeng Hu *Department of Urology, Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Wenshuo Zhao *Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Guilin Xiao *Department of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China.
Fusu GaoKey Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Minwei PengDepartment of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China.
Renhui HuangDepartment of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China.
Kang OuyangDepartment of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China.
Hai QiuDepartment of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China.
Bin ZhongDepartment of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China.
Lu WangKey Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Fanglin XieDepartment of Urology, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, China. 1853379231@qq.com.
Chaojing LiKey Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China. lcj@dhu.edu.cn.
Mengbo HuDepartment of Urology, Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. humengbo@fudan.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81802569
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To quantitatively evaluate high-grade encrustation in double-J (DJ) stents and identify its risk factors in patients undergoing ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy. This retrospective study analyzed 56 encrusted DJ stents from patients post-ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy. Encrustation severity was classified using the FECal (Forgotten, Encrusted, Calcified) grading system. Clinical, laboratory, and stent characteristic data were collected. Composition and extent of encrustation were assessed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for high-grade encrustation. Among the 56 encrusted stents, FECal grades were: I (n = 23), II (n = 12), III (n = 18), IV (n = 1), and V (n = 2). High-grade encrustation (Grades III-V) was significantly associated with female gender (66.7% vs. 34.3%, p = 0.019), urological stone history (33.3% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.010), and indwelling time > 4 weeks (52.4% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.044). Multivariate analysis confirmed indwelling time > 4 weeks as an independent risk factor (OR = 3.9, p = 0.049). Calcium oxalate was the main component, with encrustation initiating on black-ring areas and near side holes and gradually extending to cross-sectional regions. The FECal grading system effectively reflects encrustation severity. Indwelling time > 4 weeks is a key predictor of high-grade encrustation. Side holes and the black marker ring are high-risk areas for mineral deposition. Developing stents with improved biocompatibility and anti-encrustation coatings could mitigate encrustation risks.

Indexed as

Lithotripsy, LaserStentsUreteroscopyAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsDouble-J stentEncrustationQuantitative evaluationRisk factorsUreteroscopy

Identifiers

PMID41591535

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.