ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2026
Separation and identification of two-individual mixed bloodstains using human neutrophil antigen-1 antibodies.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mixed biological stains are commonly encountered biological samples in forensic investigation. They are often challenging particularly when containing contributors of the same tissue type, such as mixed bloodstains. Here, we described a novel genetic marker for the separation of two-individual mixed bloodstain: the human neutrophil antigen (HNA), specifically, the HNA-1 system. HNA-1a and HNA-1b exhibit the high polymorphism across diverse populations. Potential for practical applicability of these markers in mixed blood separation was evaluated through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and laser capture microdissection (LCM) techniques. The results found that flow cytometry based on HNA-1a and HNA-1b fluorescent antibody successfully separated minor contributors from mixed samples at ratios as low as 1:16 and 1:32, respectively. Furthermore, LCM enabled complete single-source STR profiling from the fewer cells, indicating promising application in the separation of mixed bloodstains. Collectively, this study provides a new usable genetic marker, which may significantly enhance the effectiveness of antigen-based separation strategies for the identification of mixed blood samples.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41591516What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.