ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2026
Empowering exhausted T cells of Glioblastoma patients by Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides: decreasing immune checkpoint inhibitors, and increasing CD3zeta, proliferation and Glioblastoma arrest.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overcoming resistance in glioblastoma immunotherapy: lessons from the past and opportunities for the future.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Computational design and immunoinformatics validation of a T cell multi-epitope vaccine targeting glioblastoma stem cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundGlioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor, with extremely poor prognosis, and patient's T cells are exhausted, dysfunctional, and unable to eliminate Glioblastoma. To our knowledge, there is no effective and safe treatment for rejuvenating and improving multiple functions of exhausted T cells. We previously found that specific Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides induce direct, potent and beneficial effects on human T cells.
methodWe studied if Dopamine, Glutamate, GnRH-II, Neuropeptide Y or their combinations, can rejuvenate and improve peripheral T cells of four Glioblastoma patients.
resultsThe Glioblastoma patients had abnormally low numbers of T cells, and mostly small T cells. Single Ex-vivo treatment (24 h) of Glioblastoma patient's T cells with either Dopamine, Glutamate, GnRH-II, or Neuropeptide Y, or their combinations (10
conclusionsDopamine, Glutamate, Neuropeptide Y or GnRH-II, and the most beneficial being Dopamine + Neuropeptide Y, and Glutamate + Neuropeptide Y, can rejuvenate and improve Glioblastoma patient's T cells. They simultaneously decrease multiple immune checkpoint imhibitory receptors, and increase CD3zeta, T cell proliferation, and T cell anti-cancer activity. A novel 'Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy' was invented for Ex vivo rejuvenation and empowerment of patient's exhausted peripheral T cells by physiological Neurotransmitters/Neuropeptides, and their repeated infusion to patients.
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