Trial reportToxins2025
Probiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Outcomes on Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Vascular Calcification from Experimental and Clinical Models.
Trial report in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with gut microbiota alterations that contribute to increased inflammation and the generation of uremic toxins and may worsen the disease progression. While probiotics may improve the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, their effects on mineral metabolism, vascular calcification (VC), and CKD progression remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a commercial probiotic (Probimel) supplementation on kidney function, mineral metabolism, inflammation and VC in both an experimental rat model and patients with advanced CKD and VC. The experimental model of VC was performed through 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), a high-phosphate diet, and calcitriol. Animals were divided into three groups: Sham, Nephrectomy, and Nephrectomy + Probiotic. In the exploratory clinical study, 23 patients with advanced stage 5 CKD and VC were randomized and either received or did not receive daily probiotics for 6 months. Kidney function, mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, inflammation, VC, and fecal microbiota were evaluated. Probiotic supplementation decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interpheron-γ (IFN-γ) and levels of the uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), in the experimental model. However, no clear evidence of improvement in kidney function or vascular calcification was observed in either rats or patients with this probiotic. Under our experimental and clinical conditions, the selected probiotic did not modify key parameters related to CKD progression or VC.
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Registered trials
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