Logic Gates Based on Skyrmions.

Traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates serve as the fundamental building blocks of modern computing, operating through the electron charge manipulation wherein binary information is encoded as distinct high- and low-voltage states. However, as physical dimensions approach the quantum limit, conventional logic gates encounter fundamental bottlenecks, including power consumption barriers, memory limitations, and a significant increase in static power dissipation. Consequently, the pursuit of novel low-power computing methodologies has emerged as a research hotspot in the post-Moore era. Logic gates based on magnetic skyrmions constitute a highly promising candidate in this context. Magnetic skyrmions, nanoscale quasiparticles endowed with topological protection, offer ideal carriers for information transmission due to their exceptional stability and mobility. In this work, we provide a concise overview of the current development status and underlying operating principles of magnetic skyrmion logic gates across various magnetic materials, including ferromagnetic, synthetic antiferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic systems. The introduction of magnetic skyrmion-based logical operations represents a paradigm shift from traditional Boolean logic to architectures integrating memory and computation, as well as brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. Although significant challenges remain in the synthesis of materials, fabrication, and detection, magnetic skyrmion-based logic computing holds considerable potential as a future ultra-low-power computing technology.