Spatial Cognition in the Field: A New Approach Using the Smartphone's Compass Sensors and Navigation Apps.

Stefan Stieger, Selina Volsa, David Lewetz, David Willinger

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Stefan StiegerDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, A-3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7784-6624

Selina VolsaDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, A-3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-9795-0309

David LewetzDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, A-3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-1120-2498

David WillingerDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, A-3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3110-2355

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spatial cognition refers to the mental processing, perception, and interpretation of spatial information. It is often operationalized through self-assessments like sense of direction and mental rotation ability or field-based real-world tasks like pointing to a specific building and wayfinding; however, the former and latter entail unclear ecological validity and high participant burdens, respectively. Since the advent of smartphones, this repertoire has been extended substantially through the use of sensors or apps. This study used a large longitudinal experience sampling method (ESM) in two different countries (Canada and Australia,

Indexed as

celestial directionESMiraexperience sampling methodGoogle mapsmental rotationmulti-level modelingsense of directionspatial cognitionspatial perception

Identifiers

PMID41590765

DOI10.3390/jintelligence14010014

PMCPMC12842908

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.