Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41590022›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of investigation in health, psychology and education2026

Cognitive Profile of Autism and Intellectual Disorder in Wechsler's Scales: Meta-Analysis.

Gustavo Mortari Ferreira, Calliandra Maria de Souza Silva, Alexandre Sampaio Rodrigues Pereira, Larissa Sousa Silva Bonasser, Maria Gabriela do Nascimento Araújo, Marcelly de Oliveira Barros, Roniel Sousa Damasceno, Fauston Negreiros, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gustavo Mortari FerreiraPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 2220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0009-0003-9966-7947
Calliandra Maria de Souza SilvaPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 2220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-9064-0735
Alexandre Sampaio Rodrigues PereiraPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 2220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-9126-8747
Larissa Sousa Silva BonasserPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7812-8026
Maria Gabriela do Nascimento AraújoPostgraduate Program in Clinical Psychology and Culture, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-3434-7910
Marcelly de Oliveira BarrosPostgraduate Program in Clinical Psychology and Culture, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-7012-1762
Roniel Sousa DamascenoPostgraduate Program in Clinical Psychology and Culture, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8003-0116
Fauston NegreirosPostgraduate Program in Clinical Psychology and Culture, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-2046-8463
Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da SilvaPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 2220-900, DF, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6836-3583

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) frequently coexist and share heterogeneous cognitive manifestations, yet their specific performance patterns on Wechsler scales remain poorly systematized. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 31 studies using the WISC-IV, WISC-V, WAIS-III, and WAIS-IV to compare cognitive index profiles in individuals with ASD, ID and ASD+ID. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) were calculated using random-effects models, adopting a normative reference of mean 100 and SD 15. Results showed a distinct profile for ASD, with greater impairments in the Processing Speed Index (PSI) and Working Memory Index (WMI), while the Vocabulary Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual/Fluid Reasoning Index (PRI/FRI), and Visual Processing Index (VPI) remained close to normative scores. In contrast, ID and ASD+ID exhibited generalized deficits across all indices, with the lowest scores in Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) and broad effects above g = -2.5. No significant differences emerged between Wechsler versions or age-based test types. Heterogeneity was high in ASD and ID across outcomes, but negligible in ASD+ID due to reduced k. These findings reinforce that ASD presents a specific cognitive pattern, whereas ID and ASD+ID display diffuse impairment, and that Wechsler scales are consistent across versions for identifying these profiles.

Indexed as

autismautism spectrum disordercognitive profileintellectual development disorderintellectual disabilityintelligenceIQmeta-analysisneuropsychological assessmentWAISWISC

Identifiers

PMID41590022
PMCPMC12839676

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.