Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41589941›Full record

ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Gait Planning and Load-Bearing Capacity Analysis of Bionic Quadrupedal Robot Actuated by Water Hydraulic Artificial Muscles.

Jun Li, Zengmeng Zhang, Shoujie Feng, Yong Yang, Yongjun Gong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jun LiNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Zengmeng ZhangNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Shoujie FengNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Yong YangNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Yongjun GongNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.

Funding

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 3132023513the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52175043, U1908228the Open Research Program of Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education of China B202202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gecko-inspired crawling robot driven by water hydraulic artificial muscles (WHAMs) incorporates the stable structural characteristics of geckos, making it particularly suitable for operation in aquatic environments. Conventional crawling robots typically employ electric or oil hydraulic actuation systems, which require complex sealing and waterproof designs when working in water. This study presented a bionic quadruped robot actuated by WHAMs that fundamentally circumvents waterproofing challenges. Although the joint module can dynamically adjust its output torque according to requirements, there has been a lack of theoretical basis for load adjustment. This research established the relationship between the leg joint load and the WHAM pressure difference, resulting in a pressure difference-load model for the leg joint. Through gait planning analysis, the maximum supporting force during robot motion was determined. Experimental tests on a single-leg prototype demonstrated a maximum static load capacity of 23 kg under stationary conditions, while during cycloidal motion the dynamic load capacity reached 10 kg. Both values satisfied the supporting force requirements of the planned gait. Furthermore, the pressure difference-load model showed good agreement with experimental results, providing theoretical guidance for load adjustment in leg joints.

Indexed as

gait planningload analysisquadrupedal robotwater hydraulic artificial muscles

Identifiers

PMID41589941
PMCPMC12839227

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.