Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41589926›Full record

ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Quantifying Nature's Bistability: Simulation of Earwig Fan Folding.

Nele Binder, Leone Costi, Dario Izzo, Tobias Seidl

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nele BinderWestfälisches Institut für Bionik, Westfälische Hochschule, 46397 Bocholt, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-3585-936X
Leone CostiAdvanced Concepts Team, European Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6023-0228
Dario IzzoAdvanced Concepts Team, European Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Tobias SeidlWestfälisches Institut für Bionik, Westfälische Hochschule, 46397 Bocholt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0067-0739

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this work, a numerical tool is presented to simulate the dynamics of insect wing folding by example of the fan folding of the dermapteran hindwing. The scalability of the system is demonstrated by generalising the mechanical behaviour from the small geometry of the wing to a suitable scale for engineering applications, such as deployable structures for space applications. The tool is written in Python and based on the MuJoCo physics engine. Sections of the anal fan are modelled as a bar-and-hinge model with elastic tendons, allowing a high number of design parameters and fast computation. In light of these advantages, the wing folding and unfolding behaviour is investigated with respect to the tendon's elastic properties and the actuation of the deformation. Bistability is characterised using a single tendon and the entire fan section. Given the upscaled geometry of the analysed section, the required tendon characteristics to transition between the stable states are identified within a reasonable range for technological transfer towards biomimetic structures modelled after the dermapteran hindwing.

Indexed as

biomechanicsbistabilityDermapteraearwigMuJoCowing folding

Identifiers

PMID41589926
PMCPMC12838769

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.