ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026
CTE neuropathology alone is associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuropsychological Profile of Autopsy-Confirmed Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- CTE neuropathology alone is associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Mild traumatic brain injury promotes chronic cerebrovascular inflammation and glymphatic suppression.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis studyexamined the independent contribution of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) neuropathology to symptoms.
methodsThe sample included 614 brain donors with (n = 366) and without (n = 248) autopsy-confirmed CTE. Brain donors with other major neurodegenerative disease diagnoses were excluded. Informants completed cognitive and neuropsychiatric measures. Dementia was determined during diagnostic consensus conferences.
resultsCTE stage IV (of IV) was associated with 4.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.97-10.90) increased odds of having dementia. CTE stage III had an odds ratio of 2.12 (95% CI = 1.91-3.77). Higher CTE stage was associated with greater informant-reported cognitive symptoms (p < 0.01). There were no associations with mood/behavioral scales. DISCUSSION: CTE stage III/IV neuropathology was associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms: those with stage IV were 4.5 times more likely to have dementia than those without CTE. It is uncertain if low-stage CTE clinically manifests, and mood/behavioral symptoms likely have multifactorial causes and/or a fluctuating course. HIGHLIGHTS: Stage III and IV chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are independently associated with increased odds of having dementia. Higher CTE stage was associated with greater informant-reported cognitive symptoms. Stage I and II CTE were not associated with cognitive symptoms or dementia. CTE of any severity was not associated with informant-reported mood or behavioral symptoms.
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