Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41589508›Full record

ArticleGenetic epidemiology2026

Integrative Harmonization of Phenotypic and Genomic Data Improves Bone Mineral Density Prediction in Multi-Study Osteoporosis Research.

Anqi Liu, Jianing Liu, Lang Wu, Qing Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetic epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anqi LiuDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6807-3693
Jianing LiuDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Lang WuDepartment of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU-LCMC Health Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Qing WuDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-8903

Funding

Does Creating Person-specific Precision Thresholds Enhance the Ability of a Single Bone Density Measure to Predict Fractures in Minority Women?R01AG080017 · NIA · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Qing Wu · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
Precise Bone Density Reference Ranges to Reduce Systematic Disparities in Osteoporosis Healthcare for Hispanic WomenR21MD013681 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA LAS VEGAS · PI WU, QING · 2022 to 2023
$405k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080017NIMHD NIH HHS R21 MD013681NIMHD NIH HHS R21MD013681
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Harmonizing osteoporosis-related data across multiple data sets is essential for improving the accuracy and generalizability of bone mineral density (BMD) assessments. This study developed a harmonization framework to standardize phenotypic and genomic variables across three major US osteoporosis data sets: GDBF, GWAS, and NHANES. We standardized key phenotypic variables (BMD, body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and race/ethnicity) using cohort-specific data dictionaries and applied multiple imputations by chained equations (MICEs) to manage missing data. Genomic data were harmonized using principal component analysis (PCA)-based batch effect corrections. Residual regression methods were applied to standardize BMD values. The effectiveness of harmonization on BMD prediction was evaluated using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and mixed-effects models. Post-harmonization, inter-study variability in BMI was significantly reduced (Ω

Indexed as

Bone DensityOsteoporosisAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyGenomicsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypePrincipal Component Analysisbone mineral density (BMD)data harmonizationfracture risk predictiongenomic integrationosteoporosisphenotypic standardization

Identifiers

PMID41589508
PMCPMC12836449

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.