ArticleBMC public health2026
Association between health literacy and antibiotic-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing threat to global health, driven by antibiotic misuse. Health literacy (HL) may play an independent role in shaping how people understand and use antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HL and antibiotic-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) to inform public health strategies that promote rational antibiotic use.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 350 Turkish adults aged 18-65, using stratified quota sampling by age and gender. Data were collected via online forms and face-to-face interviews. Participants completed sociodemographic questions, the 6-item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q6), and a 16-item antibiotic-related KAB scale.
resultsOf participants, 50% were female, mean age was 39.8 ± 12.2 years, and 62% had university education or higher. HL distribution was: inadequate 6.9%, problematic 78.6%, adequate 14.6%. Correlation analyses showed that HL was weakly associated with attitudes (r = 0.109, p = 0.041), behaviors (r = 0.150, p = 0.005), and total KAB (r = 0.130, p = 0.015), but not with knowledge. Knowledge was moderately correlated with attitudes (r = 0.307, p < 0.001) and weakly to moderately correlated with behaviors (r = 0.226, p < 0.001). Regression models indicated that attitudes were predicted by knowledge (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and education (β = 0.16, p = 0.004), while behaviors were predicted by knowledge (β = 0.17, p = 0.002), HL (β = 0.14, p = 0.008), and age (β = 0.13, p = 0.023). Mediation/moderation revealed that HL and knowledge operated through independent pathways.
conclusionsAntibiotic knowledge was the strongest predictor of attitudes, while HL contributed independently to behaviors. These findings highlight the need for interventions that enhance both antibiotic knowledge and HL to promote rational use of antibiotics and prevent AMR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.