Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588506›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2026

Study on drug resistance, biofilm formation, phylogenetic and virulence gene analysis of Escherichia coli from diarrheic lambs.

Longxing Shi, Mengjiao Xu, Shujiang Tang, Qinglu Cai, Haoran Chen, Duo Xu, Haolai Qin, Baoqin Long, Weiqian Tian, Bo Liu and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Longxing Shi *College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Mengjiao Xu *College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Shujiang TangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Qinglu CaiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Haoran ChenCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Duo XuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Haolai QinCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Baoqin LongCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Weiqian TianCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Bo LiuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Haerleha AmantaiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Linjin YuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Yahui HanCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Xiuping ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China. 120060009@taru.edu.cn.
Jia ChenCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China. 707797378@qq.com.
Youwen LiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China. lyw_lk@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study comprehensively characterized E. coli from diarrheal lambs in Aksu, China. We evaluated growth kinetics, phylogenetic groups, virulence and resistance genes, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity in mice to determine their potential risks.

methodsFresh fecal samples from diarrheic lambs were collected for bacterial isolation. E. coli was identified via specific PCR and 16 S rRNA sequencing. A microbial growth analyzer was used to determine growth curves, and motility medium was used to detect active motility. Biofilm formation was assessed by crystal violet staining. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial resistance of the strains, while PCR was performed to identify phylogenetic groups, virulence genes, and resistance genes. Pathogenicity was confirmed via a murine infection model.

resultsA total of 28 E. coli strains were isolated from 21 diarrheal lambs. Growth kinetic analysis revealed that all the strains entered the logarithmic growth phase after approximately 5 h of cultivation. Among the strains, 53.6% exhibited active motility. Phylogenetic classification revealed a predominance of Group B1 (53.6%), followed by Group D (35.7%) and Group A (10.7%). Thirteen virulence genes and nine resistance genes were detected. The murine infection model demonstrated that 39.2% of the strains tested were pathogenic, with significant pathological lesions observed in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and small intestine of infected mice. Additionally, 64.3% of the strains were multidrug resistant (MDR), and the detection rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains was 53.6%. blaCTX-M4 was the key determinant mediating E. coli resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Notably, complete phenotype‒genotype concordance was observed for blaNDM-mediated imipenem resistance and cmlA-mediated chloramphenicol resistance. A statistically significant correlation was found between biofilm formation capacity and resistance patterns: strains with stronger biofilm formation were more likely to be MDR- and ESBL-positive.

conclusionE. coli from diarrheal lambs poses significant risks to sheep farming and may represent a zoonotic reservoir. These findings highlight the need for effective measures to control E. coli infections on sheep farms.

Indexed as

DiarrheaDrug Resistance, BacterialEscherichia coli InfectionsVirulenceAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsChinaEscherichia coliFecesMicePhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, RNASheep DiseasesSheep, DomesticAnti-Bacterial AgentsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SVirulence FactorsBiofilm formationDrug resistanceE. coliLamb diarrheaPathogenicity

Identifiers

PMID41588506
PMCPMC12918032

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.