Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588375›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2026

Sustaining health professional education programs: a thematic analysis for the orthotic and prosthetic profession.

Susan E Spaulding, Jaclyn M Sions, Jennifer L Block, Scott G Bretl, Joshua B Utay

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Susan E SpauldingDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356490, 1959 NE Pacific St., BB805C, Seattle, WA, 98195-6490, USA. ewers2@uw.edu.
Jaclyn M SionsDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, 540 South College Ave., Suite 210JJ, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
Jennifer L BlockPediatric Rehabilitative Orthotic Services, 480 E. 141st Street, Suite E, Glenpool, OK, 74033, USA.
Scott G BretlDepartment of Prosthetics & Orthotics, College of Health Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 S Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA.
Joshua B UtayFaculty Development Center, Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., MET 330B, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSustaining health professional education (HPE) programs to meet workforce needs is an ongoing challenge. Evolving healthcare practices, societal influences, and emerging technologies create new challenges for HPE programs. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) identify and describe factors that affect orthotic-prosthetics (O&P) HPE sustainability within the United States and 2) recommend factors to monitor for sustainability and prioritize for sustainment efforts.

methodsAn online survey was developed using an adapted grounded theoretical approach and administered to a purposive sample to capture insights from O&P professionals across the United States. Open-ended responses were analyzed using line-by-line analysis. The original research question and data-generated themes were continually revisited during analyses to elucidate clear connections between the "strengths" and "challenges" of sustaining O&P HPE programs. Next, data were sorted into two a priori-identified groups based on the participant's primary occupational setting: "academic" and "practice." Finally, the authors used an inductive approach to identify themes that revealed strengths and challenges. Themes were then categorized by their relationship to O&P HPE or the O&P profession.

resultsFifty participants completed the survey - twenty-four from O&P practice and twenty-six from education settings. Strengths included Outcomes, Curriculum Content, Program Model, Delivery Methods and Student Attributes. Challenges included the Costs to Implement Programs, Setting, Academic Personnel, External/ Internal Support, Accreditation, Cost for Students, Awareness of the Profession, Value of Education/ Certification, Workforce, Credentialing Model, Resistance to Change, and Business and Policy Issues of the Profession. Strengths and challenges were separated into two categories: education-related and profession-related. Participants from both academic and practice settings reported more challenges to sustainability than strengths in both categories. Overall, the most frequently noted strength was educational outcomes while the most frequently noted challenge was the cost to implement programs - both in the education-related area. Within the profession-related category, the most frequently noted challenge expressed by respondents from academic and practice settings was awareness of the profession.

conclusionsSustainability is an ongoing process. Accreditation and credentialing organizations could use the factors identified in this paper as determinants to track sustainability and focus sustainment efforts.

Indexed as

Education, ProfessionalHealth PersonnelOrthotic DevicesProstheses and ImplantsCurriculumHumansProgram EvaluationSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesEducationEducation-Practice gapHealth occupationsHealth professional educationMaintenanceProgram evaluationSustainability

Identifiers

PMID41588375
PMCPMC12930542

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.