Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588238›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2026

Quality assessment of Brazilian olive oils by GC×GC-MS and chemometrics.

Andre Cunha Paiva, Glaucimar Alex Passos de Resende, Luidy Darllan Barbosa, Daniel Lucas Dantas Freitas, Guilherme Post Sabin, Leandro Wang Hantao

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andre Cunha PaivaInstituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 270, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
Glaucimar Alex Passos de ResendeInstituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 270, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
Luidy Darllan BarbosaInstituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 270, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
Daniel Lucas Dantas FreitasOpenScience, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Guilherme Post SabinOpenScience, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Leandro Wang HantaoInstituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 270, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil. wang@unicamp.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-6896

Funding

Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis 2019/00209-3Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis 2019/00210-1Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 302748/2018-0Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 306108/2025-9Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 316202/2021-5Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 408338/2024-5Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2022/07406-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Virgin olive oil quality assessment is critical for consumer protection and industry regulation. Fraudulent activities involving virgin olive oil are common worldwide. In Brazil, recent nationwide inspections have revealed recurrent cases of fraud, including the sale of adulterated or mislabeled olive oils. As a result, the Brazilian federal agency has suspended the commercialization of numerous brands and seized large quantities of products that failed to meet the official quality requirements. This study presents an automated analytical workflow for classifying Brazilian virgin olive oils based on their volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) were used to analyze 215 certified virgin olive oil samples, categorized as either defective (VOO, virgin and LVOO, lampante virgin) or non-defective (EVOO, extra virgin), and 21 undisclosed oils (UNKN). Chemometric modeling using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to the resulting data, which comprised 108 recurring VOCs. The PLS-DA model successfully differentiated between the two quality classes (defective and non-defective) with a predictive accuracy of 91% based on the external validation set. Key chemical markers driving the classification were identified. Non-defective oils were characterized by higher levels of C

Indexed as

Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOlive OilVolatile Organic CompoundsBrazilDiscriminant AnalysisSolid Phase MicroextractionOlive OilVolatile Organic CompoundsAdulterationComprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographyExtra virgin olive oilFood authenticityMass spectrometryPLS-DA

Identifiers

PMID41588238
PMCPMC13144221

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.