Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588080›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Fecal carriage and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among farmers in Mid-Western Uganda.

Galimaka Wilson, Kabera Micheal, Abaasa Catherine, Nalumaga Pauline Petra, Fredrickson B Wasswa, Kassaza Kennedy, Ampaire Lucus, Joel Bazira

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Galimaka WilsonFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda. galimakaw@gmail.com.
Kabera MichealFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Abaasa CatherineFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Nalumaga Pauline PetraFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda. ppaulinenalumaga@must.ac.ug.
Fredrickson B WasswaFaculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
Kassaza KennedyFaculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
Ampaire LucusFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Joel BaziraFaculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. jbazira@must.ac.ug.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a growing threat to public health due to resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from stool samples of farmers in Kibimba Parish, Kabarole District, Mid-Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study among 250 farmers involved stool culture, ESBL detection via the double-disc synergy test, PCR for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed using STATA v14.2. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 36.4% (91/250) among farmers and 34.29 (107/312) (95%CI: 29.22–34.76) among isolated organisms. Escherichia coli was the predominant ESBL-producing isolate at 70.4% (76/107). High resistance was observed to piperacillin (94.0%) and ampicillin (81.4%), while imipenem (96.5%) and chloramphenicol (94.0%) showed the highest susceptibility. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was noted in 49.4% of all isolates and 33.7% of ESBL producers. Among 107 confirmed ESBL producers, 80.4% harbored at least one ESBL gene; blaCTX-M (48.7%), blaTEM (34.9%) and blaSHV (16.4%). ESBL carriage was significantly associated with use of shallow well water (p < 0.009), goat farming (p < 0.036), and chronic illness (p < 0.012). Farmers showed high fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, linked to environmental and health-related risk factors.

Indexed as

beta-LactamasesEnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsFarmersFecesAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFemaleHumansMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedPrevalenceThird Generation CephalosporinsAnti-Bacterial Agentsbeta-LactamasesThird Generation CephalosporinsAMR surveillanceAntimicrobial resistanceEnterobacteriaceaeExtended-spectrum β-lactamasesOne healthRural uganda

Identifiers

PMID41588080
PMCPMC12905381

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.