ArticleScientific reports2026
Metal-based (lignin/silica) hybrids as green activators for conductive EPDM composites.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bifunctional epoxy coatings containing new nano-hybrid based on lignin for decoration and gamma radiation shielding.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aluminum hybrid based on lignin from rice straw as a multifunctional additive for natural rubber composites with enhanced curing and thermo-oxidative stability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Eco-friendly development of multi-functional textiles using rice straw extract.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conductive rubber composites are usually formulated from natural or synthetic rubber and a variety of petroleum-based additives. Environmental and sustainability concerns have increased interest and resulted in the search for bio-based alternatives to these additives. Rice straw is an abundant agricultural waste whose burning contributes to environmental pollution. It can be transformed into valuable resources for green composites in a sustainable manner. This research presents a sustainable approach to upcycle this biomass by developing metal–organic hybrid materials, Fe(lignin/silica/fatty acid) Fe(LSF) and Ni(lignin/silica/fatty acid) Ni(LSF) hybrid materials from rice straw black liquor for use as green activators in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites. These hybrids were thoroughly characterized, the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed the crystallinity of the Fe(LSF) hybrid and the amorphous nature of the Ni(LSF) hybrid, as well as determining the elemental composition. In addition, the morphology at the nanoscale and uniform distribution of the elements in both hybrids were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDX mapping analysis. The hybrids were then added to EPDM formulations to replace the traditional activator system of stearic acid and zinc oxide (ZnO). The performance of the composites was then evaluated, revealing that the green activator systems impart interesting properties. The vulcanizates achieved tensile strengths up to 5.57 MPa, showed improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, and demonstrated enhanced electrical conductivity. These results underscore the potential of these rice-straw-derived hybrids as sustainable, high-performance components for electrically functional EPDM applications.
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