ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2026
Evaluation of acid rain in urban areas of the United States of America and Mexico from 2003 to 2019.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Air pollution has long posed a significant environmental challenge in the North American region, including both the USA and Mexico. Among its impacts, acid rain, which is characterized by a pH lower than 5.6, negatively affects ecosystems and biodiversity. This study evaluates and compares the physicochemical characteristics of precipitation in the urban areas of Denver, New York City, Los Angeles, and the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the period 2003-2019. Long-term analysis revealed a substantial decline in sulfate concentrations in New York City after 2009, accompanied by a gradual rise in precipitation pH. In contrast, sulfate levels in the MCMA remained elevated and variable, while Los Angeles exhibited persistently acidic precipitation despite relatively low sulfate concentrations. Nitrate trends were weak or irregular across cities, and ammonium increased only in New York City. Results indicated the presence of acid rain in New York City, Los Angeles, and the MCMA, but not in Denver, where precipitation in 2017 did not exhibit acidic pH values. The highest concentrations of SO
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