Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41586834›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2026

Incidence of first and subsequent fractures in multiple myeloma patients: a parallel cohort study using UK CPRD dataset.

Rohit Vijjhalwar, Kaiyang Song, Franz Clemeno, Maria T Sanchez-Santos, Samuel Hawley, Bhuvan Kishore, Kwee Yong, Stella Bowcock, Karthik Ramasamy, Antonella Delmestri and 2 more

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Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Biochemical bone biomarkers in plasma cell dyscrasias.British journal of haematology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Rohit VijjhalwarUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Kaiyang SongCentre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK. kaiyang.song@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-5506
Franz ClemenoNDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Maria T Sanchez-SantosNDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Samuel HawleyMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Bhuvan KishoreDepartment of Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Kwee YongDepartment of Haematology, University College London, London, UK.
Stella BowcockDepartment of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
Karthik RamasamyNDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Antonella DelmestriNDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rafael Pinedo-VillanuevaNDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Muhammad Kassim JavaidNDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Based on a UK primary care dataset, patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) experience a significantly higher index fracture rate from 1 year prior to MM diagnosis onwards and a higher subsequent vertebral fracture rate, compared to non-MM controls. There is potential for earlier MM diagnosis and reducing subsequent fracture risk. PURPOSE: Whilst multiple myeloma (MM) is known to increase fracture risk, the incidence of subsequent fractures is poorly described. Here, we describe the incidence of index and subsequent fractures in a real-world cohort of MM patients, compared to non-MM controls.

methodsUsing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, we identified a MM cohort with age-, sex-, and GP-practice-matched controls from 1995 to 2017. The primary outcome was the incidence of fracture at major osteoporotic sites (i.e. hip, vertebral, wrist, or humerus) within 2 years before and after MM diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of subsequent fractures up to 2 years post-index fracture was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

resultsA total of 1972 patients (54.7% male, median age 70 years) with MM were matched to 6413 non-MM controls. The index fracture rate was significantly greater in the MM cohort compared to the non-MM cohort from 1 year prior to MM diagnosis onwards. Post-index fracture, the overall 2-year subsequent major fracture rate was 14.7% (95% CI:11.4-20.5) and 14.6% (95% CI:10.8-19.2) in the MM and non-MM cohorts, respectively. Within 2 years post-index fracture, the risk of subsequent vertebral fracture was significantly greater in MM patients (aHR: 8.16 (95% CI: 1.84-36.1), p = 0.006).

conclusionsMM patients are at higher risk of having an index fracture from 1 year pre-diagnosis and a subsequent vertebral fracture in the 2 years post-index fracture, compared to non-MM controls. These findings highlight the potential for earlier MM diagnosis in adults presenting with a major fracture, and the need to reduce subsequent fracture risk.

Indexed as

Multiple MyelomaOsteoporotic FracturesAgedAged, 80 and overCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentSpinal FracturesUnited KingdomWrist FracturesClinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD datasetImminent fracture riskIndex fractureMultiple myelomaNon-hip fractureVertebral fracture

Identifiers

PMID41586834

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.