ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Serological evidence of continued exposure to
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Malaria transmission has significantly declined in several endemic regions following extensive control efforts, bringing some areas close to elimination status. However, residual exposure to Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2025 across four endemic villages (Sedayu, Kemejing, Kembaran, and Wadas) in the Menoreh Hills. Blood samples from 120 malaria-exposed individuals and 24 malaria-negative controls were analyzed using protein microarray to assess antibody responses to PfEBA175 and PfRh5 antigens. Sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors were obtained through structured questionnaires. Results: Significant heterogeneity in antibody responses was observed across villages from two antigens. Seropositivity of PfEBA175 was higher than PfRh5. PfEBA175 seroprevalence ranged from 10 to 40%, with significantly higher responses in Kembaran (40%, Conclusion: This study reveals substantial micro-epidemiological variation in naturally acquired immunity to blood-stage malaria antigens in a pre-elimination setting. PfRh5 demonstrated universally strong immunogenicity across transmission intensities, whereas PfEBA175 exhibited heterogeneous responses reflecting focal exposure shaped by behavioral and environmental factors. These complementary patterns may inform multi-antigen vaccine strategies, village-specific interventions in areas with residual malaria transmission, and sero-surveillance development.
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