ReviewOncology letters2026
Tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer immune tolerance and its therapeutic relevance in immunomodulation (Review).
Review in Oncology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and the formation of an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important promoter of tumor progression, treatment resistance and a poor prognosis. The TME is composed of cellular components including immune cells as well as non-cellular elements (such as the extracellular matrix) which induce immune tolerance through numerous mechanisms. Comprehensive exploration of TME regulatory pathways in GC has established the theoretical foundation for targeted immunomodulatory strategies. TME-targeted immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in reversing immune tolerance and enhancing antitumor immunity. Additionally, when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or targeted agents, these therapies notably improve response rates in patients with GC. The present review evaluates the impact of the TME on the development of immune tolerance in GC and the therapeutic implications of immunomodulation. The components of the GC TME were systematically characterized, and the present review discusses the contributions of cellular components to establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment, investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying immune tolerance in GC, identifies key immune cells and their crosstalk within the TME and summarizes current treatments targeting TME-mediated immune tolerance, all with the aim to provide insights into optimized immunotherapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.
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