ArticleEuropean heart journal open2026
The effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional capacity based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in European heart journal open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure management: unraveling molecular mechanisms to improve patient selection in heart failure management.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- Authors' response: cardiopulmonary exercise testing after cardiac resynchronization therapy.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing after cardiac resynchronization therapy: unit harmonization and effect-size methods require clearer reporting.European heart journal open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has a class 1a indication for patients with heart failure due to reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who also have conduction delay. Post-CRT management pathways are uncommon. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides objective functional assessments and may serve as a valuable tool in assessing CRT response and guide device optimization. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of CRT on key CPET parameters and identify patients who may benefit from further intervention. Methods and results: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central (May 2024) identified randomized controlled trials, non-randomized trials, and cohort studies evaluating changes in CPET post-CRT. Primary outcome was peak VO₂, with anaerobic threshold and ventilatory efficiency as secondary outcomes. Results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) and effect sizes using Cohen's Results: Fourteen studies (12 cohort studies and 2 RCTs) involving 858 patients were included. CRT was associated with significant improvements in peak VO₂ (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.19-1.05, Conclusion: CRT improves exercise capacity and ventilatory efficiency, reinforcing its physiological benefits beyond cardiac remodelling. CPET may support personalized post-CRT care, including optimization of device programming, medications, and rehabilitation. Worsening CPET parameters may help identify patients progressing to advanced heart failure, allowing for timely care planning.
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Registered trials
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